不同GNSS的单站时差监测评估

随着GPS、GLONASS导航系统的不断完善和更新,以及后续GALILEO、BDS等系统的逐步建立,多系统组合导航成为GNSS当前研究热点。为了实现不同GNSS系统之间的兼容和互操作,准确确定不同系统间时差是关键。基于此,利用天宝R9多模双频接收机输出的GNSS观测数据、导航电文以实现监测GNSS系统的时差。由于国际计量局(BIPM)T公报缺少BDS相关数据,只对GLONASS和GPS实测的时差数据和BIPM T公报中对应的时差数据进行评估,统计了BDS、GPS和GLONASS三系统时差数据的最大值、最小值、均值、标准差、均方根误差。利用2016年1月到10月的连续时差数据进行时差监测评估,结果表明:GLONASS与GPS时差与T公报结果的残差标准差为4.28ns,北斗与GPS、GLONASS系统时差的标准差最优可达到4ns和5ns。     

滑坡灾害GNSS监测技术研究进展与展望

滑坡灾害在我国分布广泛，严重威胁着人民生命财产和重大工程设施的安全，进行滑坡灾害监测是防灾减灾工作的重要环节。全球卫星导航系统(GNSS）因具有全天时、全天候及高精度等技术优势，目前已广泛应用于滑坡灾害的地表三维形变监测中，且在监测理论与技术方法等方面取得了长足进展。首先综述了GNSS监测设备、高精度监测技术和监测结果时间序列处理等方面的研究进展；然后，总结分析了滑坡灾害GNSS监测技术所面临的弱信号低成本接收机研制、遮挡环境下模糊度可靠固定及长基线大高差环境下GNSS大气误差处理等关键问题与挑战；最后，对GNSS滑坡监测应用中的监测设备部署、大范围滑坡监测、多传感器位移融合预测及普适化监测云平台构建４个方面未来的发展趋势进行了展望。     

卫星拒止情况下低精度惯导系统航姿算法研究

在卫星拒止情况下,低精度MEMS惯导系统由于惯性器件性能较差,无法长时间保持姿态精度。从重力矢量及飞行器的动力学特性出发,提出了一种基于动态检测和Kalman数据融合的航姿算法。该算法从导航与飞控一体化的理念出发,实时判断飞行器机动和飞控状态,在低动态时利用Kalman滤波器对水平加速度和惯性解算的姿态角进行数据融合,估计和修正水平姿态误差,从而提高水平姿态精度。经过飞行仿真验证,该算法可有效完成飞行器的动态检测,并保证在系统机动情况下水平姿态误差在2°以内。     

GNSS接收机时间管理模型的设计与实现

为了满足卫星接收机对多个时间系统统一管理的需求,设计了一种适用于多系统GNSS接收机的时间管理模型,用于维持和处理接收机内部时间.详述了接收机时间初始化、维持、钟差估计的方法与修正策略.基于DSP6671平台对模型进行了实验验证,并分析了不同定位模式下的钟差变化特性,以及两种钟差调整策略对伪距、载波相位的非差和双差的影响.实验结果表明:该模型可通过两种方式修正接收机钟差,且对双差载波相位观测值不产生影响;能有效估计出顾及接收机端硬件时延的钟差.实验中,GPS、GLONASS和BDS三种模式下的钟差均值分别为-30.7ns、-72.6ns和-109.1ns.     

基于码片幅度调制的导航信号扩频码认证方法

信号认证是满足全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)民用信号安全性需求的关键，相比于导航电文认证(NMA),扩频码认证(SCA)具有更强的安全性。为了在实现SCA的同时不对非认证用户造成影响，提出了一种基于码片幅度调制(CAM)的导航信号SCA方法，对民用信号的扩频码的码片幅度进行了调制，实现了在扩频码层面的认证特征的引入。为了验证所提方法的有效性，采用理论和仿真分析，与GPS L1C采用的Chimera SCA方法进行了比较。结果表明，所提方法在检测性能方面提升了2.55～2.78 dB。研究成果可为下一代高安全卫星导航信号的设计提供支持。     

CSK调制信号的跟踪方法

CSK调制信号能够满足GNSS厘米级高精度服务的高信息速率播发需求，正受到广泛关注。针对CSK调制信号只能用于播发数据，而不能用于提供测量观测量的问题，对CSK调制信号的跟踪方法进行了研究。通过权衡性能和实现复杂度，提出了两种跟踪方法，方法一跟踪精度高但实现复杂度高，方法二以损失跟踪精度为代价降低了实现复杂度。理论和仿真分析结果表明，所提方法一在CSK调制信号载噪比高于40dB-Hz时，可提供与BPSK信号相当的跟踪性能。方法二相比方法一所需相关器资源降低一半，性能损失约4dB。论文的研究成果可为CSK调制信号在GNSS高精度信号体制中的应用提供支持。     

SINS/GNSS integrated navigation system based on maximum versoria filter

In the missile-borne Strapdown Inertial Navigation System/Global Navigation Satellite System (SINS/GNSS) integrated navigation system, due to the factors such as the high dynamics, the signal blocking by obstacles, the signal intefereces, etc., there always exist pulse interferences or measurement information interruptions in the satellite receiver, which make nonstationary measurement process. The traditional Kalman Filter (KF) can tackle the state estimation problem under Gaussian white noise, but its performance will be significantly reduced under non-Gaussian noises. In order to deal with the non-Gaussian conditions in the actual missile-borne SINS/GNSS integrated navigation systems, a Maximum Versoria Criterion Extended Kalman Filter (MVC-EKF) algorithm is proposed based on the MVC and the idea of M-estimation, which assigns a smaller weight to the anomalous measurements so as to suppress the influence of anomalous measurements on the state estimation while maintaining a relatively low calculation cost. Finally, the integrated navigation simulation experiments prove the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithm.     

Tight integration of BDS-3/BDS-2/GPS/Galileo observations considering the new overlapping DISBs and its application in obstructed environments

Tight integration can enhance the model strength and positioning performance by considering the characteristic of differential inter-system bias (DISB), especially in obstructed environments. However, limited work emphasizes the comprehensive analysis of five-frequency DISBs between BDS-3 and other systems considering the receiver type, receiver configuration, and antenna type. In addition, the overlapping DISBs between BDS-3 and BDS-2 are also in great demand for further investigation since they are often regarded as one system. In this study, one DISB-float model is introduced to estimate the DISBs, and one DISB-fixed model and one DISB-free model are formulated to enhance the model strength of tight integration. Four dedicated datasets were collected to estimate the DISBs, which are also comprehensively analyzed considering the receiver type, receiver configuration, and antenna type. The results show that the DISBs between BDS-3 and other systems are rather stable over a certain period and are related to the receiver type and receiver configuration, whereas are not related to the antenna type. More interestingly, the B1I code DISB between BDS-3 and BDS-2 exhibits significant magnitude with a mean value of ?1.44 m for the baseline composed of two different receivers. In this case, the B1I code DISB must be considered and the tight integration between BDS-3 and BDS-2 considering its calibration can improve the positioning performance. Besides, the tight integration of the DISB-fixed model can significantly improve the positioning accuracy between multiple GNSS. Compared to the loose integration, the improvement of 60.6 %, 56.6 %, and 61.2 % can be obtained in the E, N, and U directions, when only two satellites are available for each system. In real obstructed environments, the tight integration of the DISB-free model can also improve the positioning performance in terms of positioning availability and accuracy, as well as the ambiguity resolution performance.     

GGTm-Ts: A global grid model of weighted mean temperature (Tm) based on surface temperature (Ts) with two modes

With the development of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), the detection of precipitable water vapor (PWV) using the GNSS atmospheric sounding technique becomes a research interest in GNSS meteorology. In the conversion of zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD) to PWV, the weighted mean temperature (Tm) plays a crucial role. Generally, the Tm estimated by the linear regression models based on surface temperature (Ts) cannot meet the requirement for global use, and the accuracy of Tm derived from the empirical models is limited. In this study, a new Tm model, named GGTm-Ts model, was developed using the global geodetic observing system (GGOS) atmosphere Tm data and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) data from 2011 to 2015. Resting upon a global 2.5°*2° grid of coefficients of Tm-Ts linear function, the new model can provide Tm at any site in two modes, one for the case with measured Ts provided, i.e., the accurate mode, the other for the case that Ts provided by a subroutine, i.e., the normal mode. The performance of GGTm-Ts model was assessed against the Bevis formula, GPT2w and GPT2wh model using different data sources in 2016-the GGOS atmosphere and radiosonde data. The results show that the GGTm-Ts model in accurate mode achieves best performance with an improvement of 46.9 %/15.3 %, 37.8 %/19.5 % and 34.4 %/14.2 % over other three models in the GGOS atmosphere/radiosonde comparison. For the normal mode, the GGTm-Ts model outperforms the GPT2w model and achieves equivalence results with the GPT2wh model. Moreover, the impact of Tm on GNSS-PWV was analyzed to validate the performance of the GGTm-Ts model.     

导航接收机抗干扰算法综述

近年来,导航接收机抗干扰技术发展迅速,成为导航领域的研究重点。介绍了抗干扰技术的发展历程,分析总结了目前主要的抗干扰方法及算法特点,并讨论了未来关键需求和发展方向,对接收机抗干扰技术的研究和工程应用有一定意义。